Many omvs with different sizes were clearly visible in the omv samples. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia stenotrophomonas maltophilia bacteria, coloured transmission electron micrograph tem. The centers for disease control and prevention acknowledges that 0. Strain kb2 is from among different stenotrophomonas maltophilia strains the first one described as exhibiting the activities of three types of dioxygenases depending on the structure of the inducer. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in salad volume 11, number 7. Cells of stenotrophomonas maltophilia strain atcc637t grown in nutrient broth.
Genetic manipulation of stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Isolation of stenotrophomonas maltophilia from clinical. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia an overview sciencedirect topics. Oct 25, 2018 stenotrophomonas xanthomonas maltophilia is an aerobic gramnegative bacillus that is found in various aquatic environments. A species of stenotrophomonas, formerly called xanthomonas maltophilia, which reduces nitrate. Successful treatment of stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia stenotrophomonas maltophilia was first isolated in 1943 as bacterium bookeri, renamed in 1961 to pseudomonas maltophilia and later renamed again to xanthomonas maltophilia in 1983, based on ribosomal rna analysis. S maltophilia is an organism of low virulence and frequently colonizes fluids used in. The organism has been isolated from both clinical and soil environments in addition to the sputum of cystic fibrosis patients and the immunocompromised. It is an obligate aerobe, and is capable of growth between 5o and 40oc 18. Recently, the incidence of infections caused by this organism has increased, particularly in patients with hematological malignancy and in recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation hsct having neutropenia, mucositis, diarrhea.
Rigorous studies are needed to define a wider array of treatment options and methods to minimize hospital transmission of s. T2 a disease that is usually severe and complicated. It is a very rare cause of infection in humans but it is getting more common, especially in immunocompromised individuals in a hospital setting. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia outer membrane vesicles. Stenotrophomonas species range from common soil organisms s.
Treatment of recurrent stenotrophomonas maltophilia ventilatorassociated pneumonia with doxycycline and aerosolized colistin. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia prosthetic valve endocarditis. Pdf stenotrophomonas maltophilia lipopolysaccharide lps. It is associated with a number of clinical syndromes, such as endocarditis, urinary infections, and respiratory infections, including pneumonia in patients with cystic fibrosis and the immunocompromised falagas et al. Initially classified as bacterium bookeri, then renamed pseudomonas maltophilia, s. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a nosocomial opportunistic pathogen of the xanthomonadaceae. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a ubiquitous environmental bacterium that has also emerged as an important nosocomial pathogen contributing substantially to morbidity and mortality of immunocompromised patients, particularly in the icu setting. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia has emerged as an important nosocomial pathogen, especially in debilitated and immunocompromised persons. Skin manifestation of stenotrophomonas maltophilia infection.
Trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole tmp sxt is recommended as the agent of choice for the treatment of s. Nontraditional therapy for stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an aerobic, nonfermentative, gramnegative bacterium which cause uncommon but difficult to treat infections in humans. Patients with chronic illnesses are more susceptible to this type of infection. Tap water can harbor opportunistic pathogens at levels that are significant for. A stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an infection pathogen that is present mostly in aqueous environments, e. Frontiers antibiotic resistance in the opportunistic. T1 stenotrophomonas xanthomonas maltophilia urinary tract infection.
Microbiological and clinical aspects of infection associated. Infection and colonization by stenotrophomonas maltophilia. A transmission electron micrographs of omvs prepared from atcc 637 and clinical isolates of 03dx20 and 05kst26. Arrows indicate the nonvesicular threadlike contaminants. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia d457r contains a cluster of genes from grampositive bacteria involved in antibiotic and heavy metal resistance. It also occurs in the hospital environment and may cause bloodstream. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an environmental bacterium increasingly involved in nosocomial infections and resistant to most antibiotics. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infection symptoms, treatments. Persistence and variability of stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Voluntary data reported to phe for bacteraemias due to pseudomonas species spp. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a gramnegative, aerobic, motile, environmental bacterium that is emerging as an important nosocomial pathogen with high rates of attributable mortality in severely. It is important to recognize and efficiently treat infections with this bacterium as soon as possible.
It is a very rare cause of infection in humans but it is getting more common, especially in immunocompromised individuals in. Special pathogens laboratory, the legionella experts about. Survival of lung transplant patients with cystic fibrosis harboring panresistant bacteria other than burkholderia cepacia, compared with patients harboring sensitive bacteria. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an important cause of hospital acquired infection particularly among severely debilitated and immunosuppressed patients. High dose bactrim 1520 mgkgday of trimethoprim component, divided q6h or q8h, iv or po. The main reservoirs of stenotrophomonas are soil and plants. Stenotrophomonas is a genus of gramnegative bacteria, comprising at least ten species. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infectious disease and. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a gramnegative bacterium found in a variety of environments including soil, water, and plants. It is an uncommon bacterium and human infection is difficult to treat.
Stenotrophomonas list of species of the genus stenotrophomonas. It is a bacterium that can be present in almost any aquatic or humid environment and may persist for extended periods in such locations. It is an obligate aerobe, and is capable of growth between 5o and 40oc. May 01, 2008 they provide a costeffective strategy for reducing the transmission of s. Our patient had several risk factors as described above. Stenotrophomonas xanthomonas maltophilia is an aerobic gramnegative bacillus that is found in various aquatic environments. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia causes serious infections in immunocompromised hosts. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infection genetic and rare. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a gramnegative, motile, multitrichous flagellated bacillus that is aerobic and nonfermenting 1. Infection occurs principally, but not exclusively, in debilitated and immunosuppressed individuals. This organism should be considered as a potential cause of.
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia differential diagnoses. Burns, in principles and practice of pediatric infectious diseases fourth edition, 2012. Of the 6 cases of stenotrophomonas maltophilia bacteraemia seen in the paediatric oncology patients from year 2000 to 2004 at our hospital, only 1 case developed metastatic skin lesions. The aim of our study was to investigate the antimicrobial resistance of s.
The gramnegative bacterium stenotrophomonas maltophilia is increasingly recognized as an important cause of nosocomial infection. Clinical epidemiology of stenotrophomonas maltophilia colonization and infection. They provide a costeffective strategy for reducing the transmission of s. We present a case of stenotrophomonas maltophilia prosthetic valve endocarditis secondary to an indwelling catheter infection.
Due to its inherent extended antibiotic resistance, therapeutic options are strongly limited. Apr 17, 2008 stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a nosocomial opportunistic pathogen of the xanthomonadaceae. Initially classified as pseudomonas maltophilia, s. Treatment of invasive infections caused by this organism is difficult as the bacterium is frequently resistant to a wide range of commonly used antimicrobials. The organism has been shown to survive several biocides used in the hospital setting. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia definition of stenotrophomonas. Hospital water sources can serve as a reservoir for s. German collection of microorganisms and cell cultures gmbh. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia initially classified as pseudomonas maltophilia, later xenotrophomonas maltophilia is an aerobic, gramnegative bacillus. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an opportunistic nosocomial pathogen that has caused an increasing number of infections in recent years brooke, 2012. Jun 30, 2015 stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an opportunistic nosocomial pathogen that has caused an increasing number of infections in recent years brooke, 2012.
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an important opportunistic, mainly nosocomial pathogen that emerged in the last decades worldwide. Genetic and rare diseases information center gard po box 8126, gaithersburg, md 208988126 tollfree. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, formerly known as pseudomonas or xanthomonas maltophilia, is an aerobic, glucose nonfermentative, gramnegative bacillus 14 that is frequently isolated from water, soil, animals, plant materials and hospital equipment. Gram, nonlactose fermenter, oxidase treatment options drug of choice. Dec 31, 2014 stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an important opportunistic, mainly nosocomial pathogen that emerged in the last decades worldwide. Leibniz institute dsmzgerman collection of microorganisms and cell cultures gmbh. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia hugh palleroni and bradbury atcc. Infections caused by stenotrophomonas maltophilia in. The cells grown on benzoate and catechol showed mainly catechol 1,2 dioxygenase activity. While stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an aerobe, it can still grow using nitrate as a terminal electron acceptor in the absence of oxygen 5. Further analysis revealed that this organism merits its own genus, and was renamed a final time to.
Transmission to susceptible individuals may occur through direct contact with the source of the bacterium. The truth about mobile phone and wireless radiation dr devra davis duration. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a motile nonfermentative, gram negative bacillus that is readily isolated from environmental sources and water. The bacterium is an obligate aerobe that is common throughout the environment, particularly in water. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia bloodstream infection in. Therapeutic options for stenotrophomonas maltophilia. An increasing incidence of stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolates has been reported in some cf centers during the last decade 14. Stenotrophomonas xanthomonas maltophilia urinary tract.
Jul 08, 2011 stenotrophomonas maltophilia stenotrophomonas maltophilia bacteria, coloured transmission electron micrograph tem. Transmission to susceptible individuals may occur through direct contact with the source of. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia resistant to trimethoprim. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a bacterium of the stenotrophonomas genus. This aerobic gramnegative bacterium, previously known as pseudomonas maltophilia, can cause infections in humans and is resistant to many antibiotics. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an emerging pathogen implicated in an increasing number of severe pulmonary infections and nosocomial sepsis. The complete genome, comparative and functional analysis of. Although an uncommon pathogen in humans, s maltophilia infection in humans, especially nosocomial, has been increasingly recognized. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a motile, gramnegative nonfermentative bacillus previously known as pseudomonas maltophilia and xanthomonas maltophilia. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an aerobic, nonfermentative, gramnegative bacterium.
For language access assistance, contact the ncats public information officer. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia bacteria, coloured transmission electron micrograph tem. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia urinary tract infections in. Whilst relatively distant phylogenetically, the closest sequenced relatives of s. If you have problems viewing pdf files, download the latest version of adobe reader. Here, we analyzed the clinical characteristics of s.
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