Plant roots are relatively underutilized and underexplored sources of secondary metabolites, including pharmaceuticals, agrichemicals, flavors and fragrances. It is the culture produced after the infection of explants or cultures by the gram negative soil. We found in this study, however, that root morphology had a considerable influence on secondary metabolite production. In contrast to cell suspension cultures, hairy root cultures. Hairy root is induced when agrobacterium rhizogenes, a naturally occurring gramnegative soil bacterium, infects a plant that is susceptible to infection. Hairy root cultures are hormone independent and can grow as fast as unorganized plant cell suspensions while maintaining a stable differentiated phenotype. Growth of hairyroot cultures in various bioreactors for. Production of plant derived natural compounds through hairy.
Hairy root culture for the production of useful secondary metabolites. Its mode of action was studied by investigating the production of secondary metabolites. Large scale cultivation of plant cells to achieve industrial production of the desired metabolite, largescale cultivation of the plant cell is required. Pdf hairy root cultures for secondary metabolites production shamim ajaz academia. Charcoal can be added to the medium, the metabolites are absorbed by the charcoal, and this stimulates even higher production of the metabolite. Realities on potentialities of plant cells for the in vitro production of secondary metabolites gained a significant momentum during this period. The cultures were repeated using selected media as. Pickard plant roots are relatively underutilized and underexplored sources of secondary metabolites, including. Pdf hairy root culture for the production of useful secondary. Strategies in enhancing secondary metabolites production in. Hairy root cultures also called transformed root culture. Explants are wounded and then inoculated with agrobacteriumrhizogenes. Usually two or three days later, the explant can be transferred. The production of secondary metabolites through hairy root cultures has proven its importance by its escalating commercial relevance.
Hairy root culture for massproduction of highvalue. Exploring plant tissue culture in withania somnifera l. Microbial secondary metabolites production and strain improvement. Production of secondary metabolites from plant cell culture. Transformed root cultures of solanum dulcamara l a model. It is a type of plant tissue culture that is used to study plant metabolic processes or to produce secondary metabolites or recombinant proteins, often with plant genetic engineering.
Plant cell and tissue cultures can be established routinely under sterile conditions from explants, such as plant leaves, stems, roots, meristems, etc. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves. Hairy root cultures as an alternative source for the production of highvalue secondary metabolites. Hairy root cultures for secondary metabolite production are induced by transforming plant cells withs a virus b agrobacterium tumefaciens c bacillus thuringiensis d agrobacterium rhizogenes. These genetically transformed root cultures hairy roots can produce levels of secondary metabolites comparable to that of intact plants. Strain improvement, methods for the selection of highproducing cell lines, and medium optimizations can lead to an enhancement of secondary metabolite production. Shoot, root, callus, cell suspension, and hairy root culture are used to synthesize metabolite of interest.
Hairy root culture is a kind of plant tissue culture that is use to study metabolic processes of plants, secondary metabolites production, production of recombinant proteins, plant genetic engineering, phytoremediation, artificial seed production, biofortification, biopharmaceuticals. Hairy root cultures for the production of secondary metabolites. Pdf hairy root culture for the production of useful. In general, these cultures have high growth rate and genetic stability. Advances and challenges on the in vitro production of. The hairy root system is stable and highly productive under hormonefree culture conditions. Genomic and metabolomic analysis of antarctic bacteria. This chapter provides current perspectives on plant hairy root cultures as an important model for sustainable therapeutic secondary metabolite production. Secondary metabolite production in transgenic hairy root cultures. A biotechnological tool for enhanced production of. The production of metabolites through hairy root system based on inoculation with agrobacterium rhizogenes has garnered much attention of late. Jun 20, 2018 cartoon depicting the effects of exogenous stresses on the cell wall and the subsequent production of secondary metabolites in plant cell cultures. Dec 23, 2010 the hr culture systems offer a remarkable potential for commercial production of a number of low. Establishment of invitro cultures for sustainable production of withania somnifera l.
The fast growth, low doubling time, ease of maintenance, and. Production of secondary metabolites normally, root cultures need an exogenous phytohormone supply and grow very slowly, resulting in the poor or negligible synthesis of secondary metabolites. Plant cell and tissue cultures hold great promise for controlled production of myriad of useful secondary metabolites on demand. The extraction and detection of secondary metabolites were conducted as explained in the next section. In contrast to cell suspension cultures, hairy root cultures are characterized by high biosynthetic capacity and genetic as well as biochemical stability. In addition, several elicitation methods can be used to further enhance their accumulation in both small and large scale production. Structure and biosynthesis of fungal secondary metabolites. Hairy root culture for massproduction of highvalue secondary.
Hairy root hairy root culture rosmarinic acid panax ginseng secondary metabolite production. Engineering secondary metabolite production in hairy roots. Oct 01, 2008 read adventitious root cultures and secondary metabolite production in morinda citrifolia as affected by growth regulators and inoculum density, journal of biotechnology on deepdyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips. The root cultures accompanied with the agroinfection with agrobacterium rhizogenes may provide a cost effective way to produce roots for secondary metabolite production. Production of blue pigment from the callus cultures of. These compounds are often involved in plants protection against biotic or abiotic stresses. Although secondary metabolite production in cell culture is feasible, their economic factors for enhanced production of most of the target metabolites are still handicapped. Secondary metabolite accumulation in vitro or their efflux in culture medium has been elicited in. Cell wall drugs, as well as micronutrient deficiency, silicon addition andor al toxicity affect the plant cell wall by inducing modifications. Hairy roots derived from the infection of a plant by rhizobium rhizogenes. Pdf hairy roots hrs are differentiated cultures of transformed roots generated by the infection of wounded higher plants with agrobacterium. Most of the research efforts that use differentiated cultures instead of cell suspension cultures have focused on transformed hairy roots. Strategies in enhancing secondary metabolites production.
Hairy roots hrs are differentiated cultures of transformed roots generated by the infection of wounded higher plants with agrobacterium rhizogenes. Thus, an advanced bioreactor system is a key step towards commercial production of secondary metabolites. Still, the demonstration of secondary metabolites in plant cell cultures and strategies to exploit their potential is valid constabel, 1990. Production of secondary metabolites u sing pla nt cell cultures 201 contain mainly gluconapoleiferin, whereas brassica napus seeds contain glu conapoleiferin, gluconapin, and glucobrassicanapin 55. Organized cultures, and especially root cultures, can make a significant contribution in the production of secondary metabolites. Most of the authors who compared hairy root cultures with cultures of cell, callus, and shoots to pdmc production observed many advantages for hairy roots and concluded that, overall, the most important are the genetic stability of hairy root cultures, their longlasting capacity to keep cell viability, and their good capacity to produce. The purpose of this project is to develop methods to produce ginkgolides and bilobalide compounds from root culture. Hairy root cultures as an alternative source for the. Adventitious roots have been successfully induced in many plant species and cultured for the production of high value secondary metabolites of pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and industrial importance. Engineering tropane biosynthetic pathway in hyoscyamus. Secondary metabolites are from different metabolites. Five secondary metabolites were isolated and identified by hrms and nmr, out of which three were new compounds phlebiopsin ac, one was a new natural product methylterfestatin a and one was a known compound oorsellinaldehyde. For some years, there has been great interest in the exploitation of plant cell cultures to.
Presents strategies of secondary metabolites production, such as organ culture, ph, elicitation, hairy root cultures, light, and mutagenesis secondary metabolites of medicinal plants is an important book for students, professionals, and biotechnologists interested in the biological and pharmacological activity and ethnopharmacological. Production of blue pigments from the callus cultures of lavandula augustifolia and red pigments betalain from the hairy root culture of beta vulgaris a thesis. The quality and quantity of secondary metabolite by hairy root systems is same or even better than the synthesis by intact host plant root. Review hairy root and its application in plant genetic. The contribution of jones and his associates on the cell culture techniques laid an initial foundation for the production of secondary metabolites. A characteristic of secondary metabolism is that the metabolites are usually not produced during the phase of rapid growth trophophase, but are synthesized during a subsequent production stage idiophase. Pickard plant roots are relatively underutilized and underexplored sources of secondary metabolites. In this context, the study demonstrates, through the control and root growth responses, the influence of the culture medium on production of secondary metabolites with herbicidal activity. Jul 31, 2014 root cultures are often better than cell cultures roots often secrete the metabolites into the surrounding medium, making it easy for collection.
Secondary metabolites are used as pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, flavor, faineances, pesticides etc. Some important milestones in the production of secondary metabolites by plant cell cultures are the production of shikonin and ginseng, and the most successful example of the scaleup process is probably the production. Current approaches toward production of secondary plant. Agrobacterium rhizogenes mediated hairy root cultures. The employment of hairy root culture technology, developed in the past 10 years, offers new opportunities for in vitro production of plant secondary metabolites. Keywords hairy root cell suspension culture hairy root culture. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. A selected list of the plants employed in hairy root cultures and the secondary metabolites produced is given in table 42. Agrobacterium rhizogenes causes hairy root disease in plants. Provides information on the use of hairy root culture for the production of bioactive compoundsuseful resource for researchers working on plant natural products, plant tissue culture, phytochemistry, medicines and drug discoverydiscusses advantages and difficulties for upscaling studies in bioreactors. The in vitro mode of production, however, has yet to prove its profitability and may in future be surpassed by medicinal and industrial plants improved by plant breeding and genetic engineering.
Elicitation is a possible aid to overcome various difficulties associated with the large. Callus, a homogenous mass of undifferentiated cells can be obtained from all parts of the plant body. Secondary metabolite accumulation in vitro or their efflux in culture. For the production of hairy root cultures, the explant material plant tissue is inoculated with the cells of the pathogenic bacterium, agrobacterium rhizogenes. Pickard plant roots are relatively underutilized and underexplored sources of secondary metabolites, including pharmaceuticals, agrichemicals, flavors and fragrances. Roots of numerous plant families accumulate andor synthesize a wide variety of products ranging from the sweettasting glycyrrhizic acid of licorice glycyrrhiza glabra to the emetic and expectorant principles of ipecac cephaelis.
Production of plant secondary metabolites by using. Hairy root culture, also called transformed root culture, is a type of plant tissue culture that is used to study plant metabolic processes or to produce valuable secondary metabolites or recombinant proteins, often with plant genetic engineering a naturally occurring soil bacterium agrobacterium rhizogenes that contains root. The stress, including various elicitors or signal molecules, often induces the. Secondary metabolites are divided into three major groups plant secondary metabolites can be divided into three chemically distinct groups. Plant cell and root cultures can be established routinely under sterile conditions from explants, such as plant leaves, roots or stems. Cell culture for production of secondary metabolites. Hairy root culture, also called transformed root culture, is a type of plant tissue culture that is used to study plant metabolic processes or to produce valuable secondary metabolites or recombinant proteins, often with plant genetic engineering.
Keywords hairy roots, secondary metabolites, bioreactors. Pdf hairy root cultures for secondary metabolites production. Effect of methionine on production of naphthoquinones in impatiens balsamina root cultures and detection of some secondary metabolites article pdf available in pharmaceutical biology 511. Elicitor effect of chitosan and pectin on the biosynthesis. Plant genetic transformation and gene expressiona laboratory. The wide diversity of plant secondary metabolites is largely used for the production of various pharmaceutical compounds. Hairy root cultures are hormone independent and can grow as fast as.
Sep 11, 2015 hairy root cultures also called transformed root culture. Here, root cultures of medicinal plants under in vitro condition may provide a source of secondary metabolite without affecting the natural population. Plant secondary metabolites are having the great application in human health and nutritional aspect. Secondary metabolites sm are compounds that are not necessary for a cell organism to live, but play a role in the interaction of the cell organism with its environment. Effect of gibberellic acid on production of biomass. The production of molecules having herbicidal activity is. We discuss the application of hairy root technology to the production of plant secondary metabolites. Hairy root induction and secondary metabolite production. In conclusion, nanoparticles application has shown a positive effect in enhancing biomass and secondary metabolites production in adventitious root cultures of stevia rebaudiana. It is a key role in all metabolic processes including energy transfer, signal.
Studies on the production of some important secondary. In vitro cell tissue or organ culture has been employed as a possible alternative to produce such industrial compounds. Moreover, maximum 1, 1diphenyl2picrylhydrazyl dpph activity of 79% was displayed by addition of aucu 1. Transformed root cultures of solanum dulcamara l a model for studying production of secondary metabolites 273 2.
Since many of these products secondary metabolites are obtained by direct extraction from plants grown in natural habitat, several factors can. In vitro culture of plants can overcome these problems, since the environmental conditions that affect plant metabolism can be strictly controlled. An expanding technique for continuous production and release of secondary metabolites from plant cell suspension and hairy root cultures. Generally, a fairly high content of secondary metabolites in the tissues is associated with poor growth, and the actual total productivity of secondary metabolites therefore remains low. Abiotic and biotic elicitorsrole in secondary metabolites. Hairy root hairy root culture rosmarinic acid panax ginseng secondary metabolite production these keywords were added by machine and not by the authors.
Plant cell and organ culture systems are feasible option for the production of secondary metabolites that are of commercial importance in pharmaceuticals, food additives, flavors, and other industrial materials. Discoveries of cell cultures capable of producing specific medicinal compounds at a rate similar or superior to that of intact plants have accelerated in the last few years has been summarized in. Therefore, refined cell culture strategy is required to address these problems in booming new technology for secondary metabolites. This is the first report on the application of ga3 on biomass accumulation and secondary metabolite production in s. High stability and productivity features allow the exploitation of hrs as valuable biotechnological tool for the production of plant secondary metabolites. Jul 16, 2019 elicitation is a possible aid to overcome various difficulties associated with the large. However, the development of cell suspension culture having ability for producing secondary metabolites is more ideal from the industrialpharmaceutical point of view, because, the. Adoption of elicitation methods have shown improved synthesis of secondary metabolites in adventitious root cultures. Secondary metabolites of ginkgo biloba show great potential for future studies and production through biotechnology techniques such as cell culture and hairy root culture. Studies on the production of some important secondary metabolitesbot. Linden encyclopedia of life support systems eolss sweeteners stevoside, thaumatin, miraculin, monellin for example, pharmaceuticals and intermediates that are derived from higher plants represent about 25 percent of all prescription drugs. Vi secondary products from plant tissue culture james c.
Pistelli l1, giovannini a, ruffoni b, bertoli a, pistelli l. These cultures generally have a higher capacity than cell suspension cultures or even roots of intact plants for synthesizing secondary metabolites. It is the culture produced after the infection of explants or cultures. Hairy root cultures are used for the production of rootassociated metabolites. The current study will be helpful to scale up the adventitious root cultures in bioreactors for the production of biomass and pharmaceutically important secondary metabolites. Hairy roots are rapidly growing, highly differentiated transformed root cultures induced by agrobacterium rhizogenes infection usually at the infected site of the representative medicinal plant. In the present era hairy root cultures are good alternatives for the production of secondary metabolites, especially for the possibility of altering the formation of bioactive plant metabolites. A selected list of the plants employed in hairy root cultures and the secondary metabolites. New routes to plant secondary products nature biotechnology. Hairy root cultures are most recent organ culture systems and are successfully used for the commercial production of secondary metabolites.
395 382 1339 1431 747 1481 1389 721 1222 505 1525 548 1351 429 919 109 251 811 1314 656 990 1249 1148 1021 1042 595 667 1440 707 27 555 1056 369 31 1143 634 1230 1324 94 213 903 274 1077 1422 661